Journeys with Autism

Back in July, I underwent a two-hour audiology assessment. I got the full report in the mail last week, so I thought I’d share the results and how they lend themselves to self-advocacy. From a medical point of view, I have the following:

A mild hearing loss in my right ear
A moderate hearing loss in my left ear
Tinnitus
Auditory processing disorder

I hadn’t been aware of the hearing loss, so I wonder whether it’s really a “loss,” or whether I’ve always heard that way. I also wasn’t aware that the intermittent, high-pitched sound in my head was tinnitus; I’ve experienced that sound, on and off, all my life. Of course, the interesting auditory processing system I carry around was not news to me, although it was fun to have it show up in an audiology report instead of constantly having to convince people to take my word for it.

But that’s the medical point of view. From my internal point of view, the assessment showed me, in new and interesting ways, just how much I rely upon my visual sense to translate sound, and just how much I need to advocate for myself as a visual hearer.

The audiologist gave me several hearing tests, all of which took place in a sound-proof booth. (Heaven!) After I told her that my experience of sound is acute, she adjusted the volume for each test so that the sound would not be aversive. For the first test, in order to get a baseline for what I could actually hear, she simply gave me a series of words to repeat. Then, things got really interesting.

Binaural Interaction
The binaural interaction test measures word recognition in noise. The audiologist played a series of words spoken in the midst of noise—noise that I can only describe as a combination of static and the sound of an airplane flying somewhere in the vicinity of your house. Not fun. In my left ear, I could recognize 80% of the words, which rates somewhere in the middle of Good; in my right ear, I could recognize only 68%, which lies at the border of Poor. (Poor is below 68%.) What’s interesting to me is that I could distinguish sound better out of my left ear, in which I have less hearing, than in my right ear. It’s possible that hearing less allows me to filter out sound a little better. I’m not sure. At any rate, during the assessment, the only way for me to distinguish the words from the noise was to see them as spelled words and hold them in my memory. Each time, my repetition of the word was delayed because I had to work quickly past being overwhelmed, somehow fish the word out of the noise, hold it in my mind, look at it, and read it out loud.

Binaural Integration
The binaural integration test measures how well the subject can hear out of both ears simultaneously. The audiologist played a series of four numbers: two in one ear, and two in the other. I had to repeat the numbers to her. I got very anxious at the prospect of having to decode competing sounds, but I did surprisingly well on this test: 90% in my left ear and 92.5% in my right ear. However, the high scores are deceiving, because the process was not in the least intuitive. I kept my eyes closed, I listened very hard, I memorized what I heard, I visually lined up the images of the numbers in my mind’s eye, and then I spoke them. I did lots and lots of work, which resulted in lots and lots of delay. It’s a good thing I’ve developed lots and lots of patience.

Auditory Closure
The auditory closure test measures how well the subject can hear words spoken very quickly. Yikes. For most of the test, I was guessing. Sometimes, I simply couldn’t hear a thing; I’d just throw up my hands and shake my head. When all was (very quickly!) said and done, I scored 48% in my left ear and 52% in my right ear. On the overview from the audiologist, those numbers don’t even show up in the range of possible results. In the understatement of the year, the report notes that I am “presenting below normal limits in this area of processing.”

This test was very difficult because I couldn’t hear the words clearly enough to form a picture in my mind. I’m unable to hear soft consonant sounds like “p” or “th”; they’re at a frequency that my ears don’t pick up. (Later in the assessment, the audiologist ran a test that showed that the cilia in my left ear, which should be picking up these frequencies, are inactive. I believe she referred to them as “dead.”) Any sound at this frequency drops out at the end of a word. When words come at me slowly, I can usually run through the list of possible meanings in my mind’s eye, but when the words come at me quickly, the sense of the sound fading away is especially acute, and my ability to see the words in my mind breaks down. For instance, for the word stop, I was hearing sto-. For all I knew, the word could have been stop, stock, or stall. When I couldn’t see the word in my mind, I became very frustrated with the process, which probably accounts for why I become overwhelmed when people around me are talking too quickly.

Auditory Patterning
The auditory patterning test measures how well the subject can hear and replicate relative pitch. The audiologist played a series of three sounds, and asked me to tell her whether the pattern was “low-low-high,” “high-high-low,” and so on. I took this test twice. The first time, I used my hand to replicate each sound. If the pattern was “low-low-high,” I moved my hand twice on the same plane before moving it up once. By doing this, I was able to see the sound visually and give the answer. When the test was over, I told the audiologist about the method I’d used, and she said, “Okay. We’re going to do the test again. This time, sit on your hands!”

I tried not to panic. She played the sounds again. This time, I saw the sounds in my mind as colored dots: pink for low and red for high. Apparently, this is a form of synaesthesia, something I don’t remember having experienced before. Since I’ve long had synaesthesia-envy, this was very cool.

Using my visual strategies, I scored 100%, in each ear, on both tests. After all, ordering things into patterns will be the last of my faculties to go.

Recommendations for Self-Advocacy
The audiology report lists recommendations for how to walk through the world and self advocate with my way of hearing:

1. During communication, decrease background noise (such as scraping chairs, running water, fans, and talking).

2. If instructions or directions are given verbally, check in with the person providing them to make sure that I’ve understood what has been said, particularly if no written instructions are available.

3. Request written information to supplement any auditory information. For example, when making an appointment with a doctor, request a card with the date and time.

4. As often as possible, ask that others present information sequentially, especially if more than one person is providing the information. For example, instead of “Before you watch TV, can you walk the dog and take out the trash?” ask others to say, “Can you walk the dog, take out the trash, and then sit down to watch TV?”

5. Ask if I do not understand or if I have missed something. It is important to be as open as possible about communication so that when breakdowns occur, they do not result in anxiety, frustration, and anger.

6. Repeat what I have heard to clarify that I have understood. If I have heard part of the message but not the whole, I need to repeat the information I did hear while asking for clarification of the information I missed. For example, if someone says, “The elephant is sitting on the sofa in the livingroom,” and I heard the part about the elephant, I need to say, “The elephant is sitting where?” If I heard only the part about the sofa in the livingroom, I can say, “What did you say about the sofa in the livingroom?”

I find it a challenge to put these kinds of recommendations into play, but I am making progress. It’s really just a question of inertia. I’ve spent so many years covering up my difficulties and guessing at what people are saying that it’s an adjustment to switch to words like, “I don’t know. Could you clarify?” But it’s been an immense relief to find out that my difficulties are due to differences in the way I hear sound, rather than absent-mindedness, or lack of intelligence, or just plain not caring (all false explanations with which I’ve bludgeoned myself over the years). It’s not a question of attention, intelligence, or love. It’s that I hear sound visually. It’s a simple difference. It’s much easier to ask for help with a difference than with a moral failing. At least, it is for me.

It’s now clear why I’ve been a writer since I first learned to hold a pencil. I’ve spent most of my life struggling to decode sound and render it into words. It’s only in the past year and a half, since I’ve allowed myself to block my hearing, that I’ve realized that my pure visual sense is extremely acute. Because I now don’t need to decode sound constantly and to the exclusion of all else, I can notice what my other senses are doing. There are days in which I can’t even think about putting something into writing. I’m too involved with the pure fascination of the visual world and with rendering it in drawings, paintings, photographs, and other kinds of art.

But I’ll never lose my attachment to the written word. In the world of sound, it’s my anchor.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

For those of you who have difficulty speaking and listening, here are some of the alternative communication technologies I’ve discovered.

TTY Relay Service
If you obtain your own TTY number, you can call any phone number and communicate via a relay operator. Using your computer, iPhone, or iPod Touch, you type your part of the conversation. The relay operator speaks your words to the person at the other end, and then types the person’s response for you. This service is wonderful and has allowed me to make phone calls again—and this time, without difficulty and exhaustion. And best of all, it’s free!

You can immediately obtain a TTY number through Purple Communications’ IP-Relay for use on your computer, iPhone, or iPod Touch at www.ip-relay.com. You can also obtain a TTY number for use on your computer through NexTalk at www.nextalk.com. It takes a while to obtain the number through NexTalk, but you can begin making outgoing calls right away. I find that using my iPod Touch is good for leaving short messages. If I want to have a longer conversation, I use my computer. If someone calls when I’m not online and leaves a voicemail message, I receive the message by email.

Text-to-Speech Synthesizers
Speak It! is a very nice little text-to-speech synthesizer for use on your computer, iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch. It costs $1.99 and is available through iTunes.

For use on your computer alone, you might want to try NaturalReader at www.naturalreaders.com or SpeakComputer.com’s TTS (Text to Speech) Software at tts.speakcomputer.com. Both are free.

Text-to-Text Devices
If you find yourself in a place with your laptop, a wireless connection, and another person with a laptop, Skype and IM are great ways to communicate in a text-to-text fashion. However, in situations in which a wireless connection is not available, I use SComm’s Ubi-Duo, a portable text-to-text device consisting of two consoles with their own wireless connection. So far, I have used the Ubi-Duo at my doctor’s office and my attorney’s office, with great results. You can even save the text of each conversation; my doctor finds this feature very helpful, because I can print the entire contents of our appointment and she doesn’t need to take notes. I plan to start using the Ubi-Duo at my Voc Rehab appointments as well. You can find more information about this device at www.scomm.com.

The only drawback to the Ubi-Duo is its steep price: $1,995.

I am very glad to have found all these technologies, because it’s now official: I have an auditory processing disorder. I’ll write more about my appointment with the audiologist when I receive her full report.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

In my last article for The Commons, our local weekly paper, I wrote about the distance I often feel from the non-autistic world, saying “[I]f you are a typically abled person, we live worlds apart. You see, I am autistic, and there are many things that I cannot do.” The feeling was an honest one, and yet, I’ve been troubled by these words from the time I first saw them in print.

I’ve thought long and hard about why, and I finally have an answer. I’ve come to realize that while I sometimes experience myself as living worlds apart from non-autistic people, this feeling is not a function of my autism. I am not actually worlds apart from anyone because I am autistic. I feel worlds apart because the world in which I live is not yet inclusive enough to take my particular set of strengths and sensitivities into account.

In the larger world, two models of disability are always in play. The first is the medical model, which posits that something is wrong with me, something from which I “suffer,” something that must be treated and perhaps someday “cured” by medical intervention. In this model, my autism is a disorder, and I am somewhere “over there,” apart from regular folks, separate and unequal.

I have sometimes found myself trapped by this point of view, mainly because I have imbibed about a half-century of negative ideas about autism and the general condition of being disabled. I had accepted without question the idea that all autistic people would rather be non-autistic, and by extension, that all physically atypical people would rather be typical. After reading the eloquent and searing words of many disabled people, I have come to understand that this point of view is a serious distortion. Many, many of us are proud to be who we are and would not want to be different. The Deaf community is a perfect example of a group that embraces its experience of the world as perfectly valid and celebrates its own unique culture. The Autistic community is beginning to do the same.

Of course, there are disabilities that require medical intervention for health and quality of life. However, not all disabilities fit this model and even when they do, they cannot be entirely defined by it. Personally, I have moved away from the medical model, mainly because it tends to create a hierarchy in which some people’s lives have value and other people’s lives do not. It creates a mindset in which we celebrate the lives of some people, while mourning the lives of others, simply based upon physical difference. I do not accept this way of understanding the richness and complexity of human life. I find it unjust and divisive.

An alternative lens through which to view disability is the social model. According to this model, disability is a social construct. That is, one can only be disabled in relation to an accepted norm. So, all the things I value about myself—my acute sensory sensitivities, my deep ability to empathize, my visual acuity, my ability to enjoy silence and a slow conversational pace—become disabilities simply because I live in a culture that does not value them. For example, because I have hyper-acute hearing, I have to wear earplugs when I go downtown or into any sound-filled environment. Until recently, I’ve thought of my hyper-acute hearing as a problem, because I find it very hard to converse with other people in public or to concentrate in the midst of noise.

But my hearing isn’t a problem in isolation. It’s only a problem because I live in a very loud culture—full of noise, full of words, full of TVs and radios and music playing everywhere I go. If I lived in a quieter culture, my hyper-acute hearing would not be a problem. In fact, when it comes to keeping people safe from harm, it would be an asset. In the same way, if I lived in a culture that valued deliberation and a more measured verbal pace, I wouldn’t have the problem of being constantly left behind. In a society in which impulsive action and rapid speech trump other ways of experiencing life, I cannot possibly keep up.

In the face of this mismatch, the only way for me to stay connected to others is to consistently ask for other people to adjust the environment so that I can be present. For example, at one of the stores in town, I ask a staff person to turn off the music when I come to shop, and whomever I ask is always happy to oblige. Everyone who works at the store wants the place to be accessible to me, and and they know that I cannot operate in an environment with music coming from every speaker. Because the staff is willing to be flexible, I have full access, just like everyone else. In stores with loud music playing, the environment is so aversive that I cannot enter, and full inclusion becomes impossible.

Moreover, when I go to my doctor’s office, I use a text-to-text device in order to communicate. Doing so allows me to avoid coming home in a state of auditory overload. My husband and I had to work long and hard to find a doctor open to this form of communication. Because it was a painful, discouraging, and exhausting process, I feel especially fortunate to have happened upon a sensitive doctor. At my last appointment, in fact, something wonderful happened. After we had been typing back and forth for about a half hour, she said, “I’m exhausted. I’m not used to typing so much. Now I know how you feel with your auditory processing challenges.”

And I replied, “That’s amazing. Writing and typing are so natural to me that I forget that other people could find them difficult.”

It was a perfect moment. She understood me. I understood her. I didn’t feel worlds apart at all. I had a different way of communicating during appointments—that was all. My way of communicating was no better and no worse than anyone else’s. At that moment, I became more than the sum of another person’s preconceptions. I felt myself a part of the world, able to express myself fully, with a presence equal to that of every other human being.

So, yes, if you are typically abled, I sometimes feel that we live worlds apart. But it doesn’t have to be that way. If we lived in a society that took human diversity for granted, that made room for difference as a deeply held value, every one of us would benefit. Our view of one another would become much more expansive, much more respectful, and much more compassionate. Ultimately, we might even see one other as perfectly different and perfectly human.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

I’ve had an epiphany lately regarding my father and some of his formerly most mysterious and annoying habits.

As I’ve written before, it’s apparent to me that my dad was on the spectrum. Of course, no one ever talked about such things back then, so when I was growing up, the family explained my father’s oddities by saying that he was hard of hearing. Of course, he never went to an audiologist or had hearing aids or any of that nonsense. My mother used to say that he’d been born with nerve damage in his ears, and that no one could do anything about it. I’m virtually certain that she made up that story to explain the inexplicable, since she made up a lot of stories, and she believed them, too.

My father’s hearing issues were very aggravating to me as a kid, because every single time I said something, the very first thing out of his mouth was, “What?” Every single time. It was a reflex. It didn’t matter how loudly or how softly I spoke, or what else was happening in the room. He’d always say, “What?” When I had the patience, I’d repeat myself, in exactly the same tone of voice, and then he’d hear me. When I’d get exasperated with him and say, “Why aren’t you paying attention to me the first time?” his response would always be the same: “You’re mumbling.”

And that response would send me into the stratosphere, because I Did Not Mumble. No one else in the entire world ever said I mumbled. I knew that I was enunciating the English language perfectly well, and I still get an adrenaline rush just thinking about my father telling me otherwise. He knew how much it bothered me because, after awhile, he took on a new annoying habit: when he couldn’t hear me, he’d say “You’re mumbling,” and he’d laugh. And then I’d say, “I am not mumbling. You are not hearing me.” But it never made a difference. It was always “What?” and “You’re mumbling.” By the time I left home, it had nearly driven me up the wall and back.

For several years afterward, I continued to buy the idea that my father was hard of hearing. Then, one day, when my parents were visiting in California, everything changed. We were all in the car; my father was driving, and I was in the back seat. There was lots of ambient noise: highway noise, the sound of the car wheels running over the pavement, and everything else you hear in a car going 65 miles per hour on a six-lane freeway. Nonetheless, I said something to my father. I can’t even remember what it was, because I figured he wouldn’t hear it anyway. But, miracle of miracles, he heard me. The first time. Without saying “What?” or “You’re mumbling.” He just heard me, like a regular person, and he just answered me, like a regular person.

I suppose I should have felt angry, as though he’d been playing some sort of weird game all those years, but I wasn’t. I intuitively knew that he really had heard me clearly at that moment, and that he hadn’t been able to hear me before. I became fascinated by the contradiction, but I really didn’t know how to explain it.

These days, though, it makes perfect sense to me. After all, when I go out into the world, I often block my hearing—with earplugs, a Peltor headset, or both. Today, I’ve been able to wear just my earplugs, and hear people as though they’re at a distance, and say a few words in order to get my errands done. But tomorrow, when I go to my Voc Rehab appointment, I will have to wear the headset in order to block out ambient noise and allow myself to concentrate. In other words, I render myself more or less able to hear as needed.

I’m now realizing that my father must have had the same amount of auditory sensitivity and processing difficulty that I have, and that he intuitively came up with a survival strategy. Somehow, he selectively rendered himself deaf. It’s as though he just shut down his attention and literally couldn’t hear, and his saying “What?” was his signal to bring his attention back up. This strategy also provided him with a way to cushion himself against having to hear everything loud and clear the first time, and thus avoid becoming overloaded by it. It really was quite a brilliant strategy, and I’m in awe that he was able to pull it off. As for me—I simply cannot let my auditory attention wane. It’s always on alert, unless I block my ears. Then, even if I can hear somewhat, the person talking feels further away and the sound of his or her voice doesn’t penetrate my nervous system with anything like the same intensity. Somehow, my father was able to give himself the same experience without having to explain why he was wearing a lawnmower headset to go shopping.

My father is now gone, and even if he were still alive, he would not for a moment accept anything that I’m saying. He wouldn’t accept that we were both on the spectrum, he wouldn’t accept that we both had extraordinary sensory sensitivity, and he wouldn’t accept that I couldn’t overcome all of it by sheer force of will. In fact, he’d laugh me right out of the room for even broaching the subject.

So I’m just left with a new understanding of my dad, and it makes me feel closer to him. It consoles me to understand him better now.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

I am happy. Why? Well, let me tell you!

I am halfway through my medication taper, and while it’s been a rough road, I am feeling better and better every day. Just the knowledge that I am getting these benzodiazepines out of my system makes me feel good. My mind is clearer, my mood is better, and I feel more resilient. The benzos were literally depressing the hell out of me. They caused me no end of problems, some of which they had originally been prescribed to treat. I’ve learned that there are thousands upon thousands of others who have discovered the same thing, and who are now working hard to say good-bye to these medications forever.

I am going out for long walks every day, whether I feel like it or not, whether it’s raining or not, whether I feel like a train wreck or not. I’ve taken my stationary bike out of my loft and stored it in the garage, because cycling indoors just symbolizes isolation to me. I have to get outside everyday and feel part of the world, and I will continue doing so even when it’s cold out. I’ve done it before, and I will do it again.

I’ve started cooking delicious, healthy meals. I can now make a great tofu curry dish and today, I’m going to make a Mexican-style meal. It’s amazing to enjoy cooking again. I’ve discovered that what overwhelmed me was not the cooking per se, but the feeling that I had to come up with a new dish every other day, instead of just building up my repertoire, one dish at a time, over a more manageable period of time. I’m still learning the concept of “slow and steady.”

I have started using the library, and it feels so calming. It sure is nice to go into a building without piped-in music.

I’m continuing to experiment with alternative communication technology, and I’m studying ASL again. I’m realizing that it’s time to get serious about giving myself alternatives to speech when I need them.

I have met some new autistic people in town! It happened in the oddest way: A local guy named Jesse emailed an ASAN board member in Oregon, looking for an ASAN chapter in Vermont. It just so happens that this ASAN board member in Oregon is also a friend of mine (Hi Elesia!), and told him that I was starting up an ASAN chapter in southern Vermont. (I had corresponded with Elesia some time ago about being the chapter leader here, but hadn’t done much to move it forward.) So, she put us in touch with each other. As it turned out, Jesse is on the spectrum, and works with autistic middle schoolers and high schoolers! He was putting together an event for Autistic Pride Day on June 18, so I showed up for that, and met some new people. Since then, he and I have been emailing and discussing all kinds of things, including ideas for getting an ASAN chapter off the ground here. He and I are both very interested in self-created autistic community and he plans to introduce me to others.

And, last but not least, I have finally remembered what I learned long ago: creating happiness is up to me. For reasons having nothing to do with me, people will not always come through, and I have to be able to maintain my self respect, my dignity, my individuality, and my sense of self. In other words, whatever happens, I have to hold onto my power and use it for my own good and for the good of others. It’s not always easy, but it’s always necessary.

It’s tough to keep learning the same things over and over, but I think that’s what we humans do. We get lost, and then we have to find the way back, again and again.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

When I gave birth to my daughter, I was 34 years old. I remember quite clearly watching the nurses weigh and measure her. I remember how loudly she was yelling when they bathed and swaddled her. I remember how calm and quiet she became when they put her into my arms for the first time, because she could once again hear the familiar sound of my heart.

And I remember thinking, “She’s brand new. We’re at the beginning. When she’s 18 and ready to leave home, I’ll be 52. I’ll be so old! That’s forever away.”

And this year, I’m 52, and my daughter is talking about going to California after she graduates high school.

Please be assured that this post is not another meditation on how fast the time goes, or how brief it all is, or how hard it is to let go, even though all of those things are true.

This post is about reaching a crossroads, about making a commitment, about finding the strength to face what comes. It’s about doing all the same things I did on that day that my daughter was born, except that now I do them in celebration of my own birth and my own life.

It used to be that I hated thinking about my birth. It reminded me of my parents. It wove me back into the fabric of who they were, because I had to remember who gave me my body, my eyes, my face, my DNA, my life.

But now, suddenly, I want to celebrate by giving myself the only gift worth having: the gift of myself.

Yeah, I know that sounds hokey, but I am not in a hokey mood. Far from it. I’m not talking about a kind of New Age “love and embrace the special soul that you are” moment. I’m not talking about a kind of religious “I, too, am a child of God” moment. And I’m definitely not talking about a psychotherapeutic “I am lovable and worthy of love” moment.

No, I’m talking about something much more fierce and powerful than that. I am making a commitment to take myself back. Here is my declaration of intention, toward which I will strive with all of my ability:

I will no longer do anything that hurts my body, whether other people understand or not. If speaking hurts, I will not speak. If hearing hurts, I will not hear. If being touched is beyond my ability to tolerate, I will not be touched.

I will not attempt to shoehorn myself into some model of non-autistic consistency, in which if I can speak sometimes, I must speak always, and if I can hear sometimes, I must listen always, and if I can be touched sometimes, I must accept touch always. Those days are done.

Sometimes, I will speak and I will listen with my ears, only because sometimes, in specific situations, with specific people, at specific moments, when I’m calm and rested, and a million other factors that I can’t define come into play, everything comes together and it doesn’t hurt. I can’t always predict those moments, but I will recognize them when they arrive, I will choose to engage them with integrity, and I will not be pressured into doing otherwise, by anyone.

I will protect my health by communicating with others in a way that works for me, even if it takes time and other people would like me to go faster. When doing business out in the world—at the grocery store, at the bank, at a tag sale, anywhere—I will use my iPod Touch and any other appropriate assistive technology at my disposal.

I will no longer be a victim, living in fear, apologizing for who I am, and meekly asking other people to accept me.

I will live with all the fierceness and fighting spirit I’ve had from the day of my birth, and I will not turn them over to anyone.

I will insist upon my right to be treated as a complete human being, in all times and in all places, and I will not back down.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

Last night, I wrote the following article for submission to my local weekly paper. I’d like to get your comments, feedback, and constructive criticism before I send it in. Please let me know what you think.

Disabled Like Me: An Autistic Woman In Search of Kindred Souls
by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

If you are a typically abled person, you and I may have a great deal in common. I am married to a wonderful man. I have a teenage daughter getting ready to spread her wings. I love taking long walks in quiet places. I lose myself in creating things of beauty. I knit, I quilt, I sing, and I write. I try to eat healthy food, to exercise every day, to treat people with kindness, and to give a friendly hello to my neighbors.

Sometimes, I succeed. Sometimes, I don’t. In this regard, I am no different from you.

And yet, if you are a typically abled person, we live worlds apart. You see, I am autistic, and there are many things that I cannot do. I cannot go to parties or to restaurants; when too many people talk at once, I can’t distinguish one voice from another, and I become overwhelmed. I can’t go into stores with music playing and talk with others, because I can’t filter out background noise. In fact, there are stores in town that I cannot enter at all. The music is so loud that it assaults my nervous system and literally renders me incapable of thought.

I am able to speak, but sometimes, I have difficulty following the words that other people say. For this reason, talking on the telephone is an experience that I avoid at all costs. I have an extensive written vocabulary, but initiating and maintaining a typical social conversation is often beyond my grasp. Sometimes, I can’t find the words at all; at other times, I can’t find them quickly enough. Even when I find the words, I sometimes need to rest for hours or days afterward in order to recover from the effort.

Then again, there are people with whom I “click,” with whom talking is not a particularly difficult challenge at all. And then there are people with whom I am quite comfortable being almost entirely silent.

Despite my challenges, I do not consider myself a collection of deficits. In fact, I consider my autism my greatest strength. I am acutely empathetic and highly sensitive to all things emotional. I experience the visual world quite vividly and intensely. I have a childlike innocence that I value deeply. I am very direct and honest. I do not understand deception or cruelty. I think associatively and visually, and I arrive at insights and solutions impossible to locate with linear logic. I’m creative, intellectually curious, and fascinated by the diversity of the world. Much goes on beneath the surface.

Unfortunately for all of us—for you and for me—the word autism carries a stigma. I can’t count the number of times I’ve told someone I’m autistic and received a response along the lines of “Oh, I am so shocked and so sorry.” I’ve had friends back away. I’ve had potential allies in the community drop out of sight. I’ve seen people stare rudely at the noise-blocking headset I sometimes wear in public, and then I’ve seen them look away quickly, without a smile, without a wave, without acknowledgment that I am just like them, as though my disability has trumped my humanity.

In the year and a half since my autism diagnosis, I’ve learned firsthand what it means to be disabled. I’ve learned what it means to be invisible, to be marginalized, to be apart, to not be able to keep up, to not be understood, to not be seen as a person of equal value. I’ve known deep loneliness and isolation, and I’ve learned that these experiences are shared by many disabled people, whether our disabilities are visible or not.

I am fortunate in having a husband and a daughter who love me, friends spread throughout the country who support me, and places in the local community in which people welcome me as I am. And yet, I long for the friendship of other developmentally atypical people. I see other disabled people around me, and yet, I have not found a way to reach out directly. My sensory and communicative differences make reaching out problematic. And then, of course, there are people in the community with invisible disabilities, who look “typical” but experience the world in atypical ways. How are we to find each other?

I don’t know a better way than to write, so I am reaching out now, in the best way that I can. It matters not how old you are, what your disability is, or at what “severity” level a medical professional has diagnosed you. I am reaching out to say that I am here, that I would like to find you, and that I would like to affirm and celebrate who we are.

If you would like to connect, you can reach me by email at rachel@journeyswithautism.com. And if you see me around town, feel free to give me a friendly smile and say hello. It will mean the world to me.

Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg is a writer living in Brattleboro. Her memoir The Uncharted Path: My Journey with Late-Diagnosed Autism will be published later this year.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

Bob and I have been having some great conversations lately about the differences between neuro-typical and autistic modes of perception and communication. In the course of these conversations, I’ve felt immensely frustrated, strangely comforted, and very enlightened, sometimes simultaneously. I’ll share the highlights of two of these talks.

The Way Bob Says It Is Not The Way I’d Say It
On Saturday, Bob went to synagogue for the Shabbos morning service, came home for lunch, and then went back for the Torah study in the afternoon. I took a long walk in the morning, in the course of which I met a huge, grey, wonderfully shaggy dog and his person. As you know, I hardly ever take off my headphones and earplugs to talk to anyone, but this dog was just too cool and I had to say something to the woman with him. I knew that I’d last for about a minute or so of conversation, and I did, and it was fine.

The woman who was with the dog obviously loved and appreciated him, and said something like, “You know, he wants to go smell all of these great things and wonders why we can’t smell them, too!” Whoa. Another person who knows that human perception is not all there is. I had been missing these small moments of friendliness with people out on my walks, and as I continued down the street, I realized that I had made the exception for her based entirely on instinct and a sort of childlike delight in her dog. And I thought, “That’s a very good basis on which to make an exception.” When I was done, I didn’t need to go and chat it up with several other people about their canine friends. This dog was an exceptional being, so I made an exception, and it filled me up, and it was fine.

When Bob got home in the afternoon, he told me that he’d run into Fred at shul (the guy who’d magically rendered me invisible) and had “put him out of his misery” concerning my non-response to his email. Fred had copied Bob on his email to me (the one I’d deleted), the email had made Bob “want to weep,” and Bob had gently told Fred that there was nothing he could do to make things better except to keep moving forward. So, of course, the first thing I did was to get defensive about the “want to weep” part, until Bob reassured me that yes, he understood that I was the injured party. And then, of course, the next thing I did was to ask for a blow-by-blow of the conversation, just to make sure that Bob hadn’t put Fred out of his misery without Fred realizing why he was in a state of misery in the first place. I do this a lot, especially when Bob is talking to someone who has been crummy to me. Actually, I’ve been doing it for about eight years now, and it’s gotten old, and boring, and I hate boring, because being bored makes me miserable. This time, though, I’d finally had enough of boring and was able to get beyond making myself miserable. Here’s a synopsis of how the conversation went:

Me: “I’m glad you talked with Fred and resolved things. But did you tell him why things happened as they did?”
Bob: “He understood the whole thing.”
Me: “How do you know that?”
Bob: “I don’t remember all the words. It was clear. He knew what he’d done.”
Me: “But did you use the word invisibility?”
Bob: “No.”
Me: “Why not?”
Bob: “Look, I say things my way.”
Me: “Yeah, but the invisibility thing is really important!”
Bob: [Extremely unsubtle body language that says I'm going to get up and do something else now.]
Me: “Wait, wait, don’t get up! Look, I’m not resolved about this thing. I mean, I told the guy that I needed him to use his words, and that I needed him to be honest, and that I needed him to tell me what was going on, and then he didn’t. Did he understand all that?”
Bob: “Look, I’m not in the guy’s head, and I don’t know what words he’s using to understand things, but he understood that he’d screwed this up and why, okay?”
Me: “Yeah, but how do you know what he understood if he didn’t say so?”
Bob: “I was there. I know.”
Me: “Yeah, but…Oh.”
[Silence]
Bob: “What?”
Me: “This is a neuro-typical thing, isn’t it? You say words, and he says words, and you do this whole nonverbal dance, and you somehow get it, and it’s done, and it’s in your own language. And then you come home and you say it to me. And then I try to translate it back into my language, and it doesn’t translate well.”
Bob: “I think that’s right.”
Me: “You know, from now on, I think you should handle these kinds of conversations. They’re a mystery to me, but you’re very good at them.”
Bob: “Thanks. I try.”
Me: “I know. I don’t give you enough credit.”
Bob: “I know. And you do really well speaking your language to people who understand you. It’s not your fault that neuro-typical people so often don’t understand what you’re talking about, or can’t fathom how sensitive you are or what you need from them.”
Me: “Thank you, honey. I love you.”
Bob: “I love you, too.”

So here was a day in which I came to two very important conclusions: 1) If I’m going to talk to an apparently neuro-typical stranger, keep it short and make sure it’s for a very good reason, and 2) let Bob be neuro-typical and handle things in his own way, because after all, he is completely supportive of my being autistic and handling things in my own way. (I think I’ve got that reciprocity thing down now.)

I Stand By the Side of the Road and I Still End Up In a Crash
The other day, Bob and I were driving down the highway, and I was talking about my frustration with socializing and making friends with neuro-typical people. One of things that became clear is that all of my challenges started showing up when I left the controlled situation of the workplace in 2003 and entered the completely chaotic situation of unstructured human interaction.

In the software industry, I did very well. I lasted 15 years, much longer than I’ve lasted in any other group of people. Because it was a limited, goal-oriented situation, it gave me the opportunity to do one of the things I do best: observe process. I figured out how meetings worked, what people needed from me, how to set limits, how to keep from working overtime, how to get what I needed to do my job, and so forth. I moved from job to job, but each time, I moved to a better job, and I did so based on my reputation, both personal and professional. Plus, working in the software industry coincided with a number of other successes: marriage, parenting, buying a house, and becoming part of a neighborhood.

And then, I left work to become a full-time mom and oy, all my troubles started. All of a sudden, I couldn’t navigate. True, I had entered hostile territory in my old community, but not every single person there was hostile, and a neuro-typical person might have handled the situation with more, shall we say, subtlety? I handled the situation with almost nothing except honesty and directness, because after all, isn’t that what Judaism teaches? Thou shalt not lie? And isn’t that what all my years in therapy had led me to believe I was destined to do—state my needs and feelings with clarity and without apology? So what was the problem? Why was everyone so upset when I kept speaking my mind and getting down to business? The more I tried, the worse it got. I’m not saying that I was to blame. Not at all. I’m just saying that I didn’t understand how to do it any other way.

But now, I’m starting to see that the way I do it has caused me to collide with other people and has allowed them to collide with me. When it’s over, there’s usually a scene of twisted metal and steam rising from cracked radiators, and I’m always wondering what the hell happened. Again. Just like last time. Over. And over. And over. And over.

In the course of my conversation with Bob in the car, I began to understand why this pattern has gone on for so long, and that I am already moving to a different paradigm. Here’s basically how the conversation went:

Me: “I know that neuro-typical people often find me rather blunt and feel offended by me. And it’s very weird to me, because in my sensory and emotional experience of the world, I feel like I’m getting hit with a blunt instrument a fair amount of the time. It’s not that everyone has ill will toward me. They don’t. It’s just how acutely I feel things. Most people don’t know how sensitive I am, and so they can’t understand how they affect me. And I don’t understand how important all their social rules and nonverbals signals are, so I don’t understand how difficult I can be for people to deal with. I just think that all that social crap—I mean stuff—is bullshit.”
Bob: “I know. There definitely seems to be a difference in the way that neuro-typical and autistic people experience bluntness.”
Me: “So how do neuro-typical people experience it?”
Bob: “Well, for us, there are two levels to navigating socially. One level is knowing what you want. The other level is trying to make sure not to crash into people’s sensibilities. It’s as though social life is like driving down the highway we’re on. You have to know where you’re going and how to get there. But if that’s all you know, you’re going to cause an accident, because you won’t be looking in your rearview mirrors, you won’t be watching the flow of traffic, you won’t know when to slow down, or speed up, or let someone into the lane, or pass them. Everything works on a highway if everyone is paying attention to everything. But now and then, you get someone going 95 miles per hour who insists on switching lanes constantly, driving in the breakdown lane, and getting past everyone, because he just has to get where he’s going and that’s all he can think about. That’s when the flow is threatened and people start crashing into one another.”
Me: “Okay, so I recognize myself in the person who just wants to get there. I recognize myself so well that I’ve learned to hang back in a major way and let everyone else go around me. In fact, I’ve gotten out of the damned car altogether, and yet, I still end up in crashes.”
Bob: “What do you mean, exactly?”
Me: “Take the situation with Fred. I didn’t walk into a complicated social situation with Fred. I kept it simple. I know better than to drive a car on a highway. I’ve learned my lesson. I wasn’t even in a car. I was standing by the side of the road, looking at the trees, waiting for him to get done driving hither and yon and meet up with me. After awhile, I realized he wasn’t going to come by and get me, and that made me sad, but I dealt with it. And then, all of a sudden, he broadsided me. I was just standing by the side of the goddamned road, looking at the trees blossoming, and the next thing I knew, I was lying next to the retaining wall and my head hurt really bad.”
Bob: “I see what you mean.”
Me: “You know, whenever this has happened in the past, I’ve thought, well, screw this, I’m getting off this highway and finding me another highway, because the people on this highway are crazed. And then I go and find another highway, and I stand by the side of the road, and bang! There I go, flying through the air, just when I’m enjoying the view. And I think, well, screw this, I’m getting off this highway, because the people on this highway are crazed. But now, after all these years, I can’t keep looking for new highways. They’re too dangerous. I imagine that there must be state police shouting at me on their bullhorns that pedestrians are not allowed on the roadway, and there must be people leaning on their horns as they swerve away from me, and the ones who come a little too close must be larger than they appear in the mirror, but somehow, I can’t see or hear them.”
Bob: “I think that’s true. So what do you do?”
Me: “I need to go find myself a bike path. Not a bike path where people wear spandex and race by you like they’re on the Tour de France. I mean a bike path where people are taking leisurely rides and other people are standing by the side of the road.”
Bob: “Sounds like a plan.”

So how do I find these other souls on this mysterious bike path? Easy. I write an article for my local paper, asking “Where are all the other autistic or otherwise atypical people in this community, because I’ve only met two others, and it’s statistically impossible that we are the only ones here.”

I know, I know. It’s very direct. But that’s just me.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

Yes, my friends, it’s happened again. I have been rendered invisible. Not by a neuro-typical stranger. Not at the co-op. Not in western Franklin County Massachusetts, the scene of the horror of my collective shunning. Noooooo. I would have expected all that.

No, my friends. I have been rendered invisible by a neuro-typical friend. By a friend with whom I had discussed the whole invisibility thing. By a friend with whom I had discussed the whole “people seeing Bob as a real person and me not as a person at all” thing. By a friend who had read my blog and had made a commitment to getting together once a month, and who had told me that if it didn’t happen once in a while, it was because he was busy with his family and his work, and that I shouldn’t worry, and that we’d work it out and make it happen: his words, not mine.

I know, I know. I’m such an idiot, believing what people say and all that. Like I have a choice.

And the thing is, this is a really nice person. I mean, I may not pick up nonverbals, but my empathic intuition is excellent, and I’ve never gotten any kind of mean, underhanded, not-what-he-seems kind of vibe from this person. He’s just a sweet guy. What could go wrong? So, we got together in December for dinner, and we had a nice time, and he said he was looking forward to more, and then it didn’t work out for January, and the last email I sent was in January, and I hadn’t heard since, but I figured, okay, he’s busy with his family and his work. I let it ride. I was being flexible.

The next thing I know, I get an email from Bob on Friday, in which he forwarded an email from this friend (who I’ll now call Fred). Fred had sent this email only to Bob, inquiring as to whether he might get a grant from our non-profit for a project he’s doing, and whether it might be appropriate to meet just with Bob, or with Bob and me. Did he copy me on this email, or put my name in the salutation, or ask me whether I might want to meet with him, or address it to me in any way, shape, or form? Noooooo. Of course not. And he knows that I am involved in the non-profit because I co-founded it and co-direct it with Bob, and because the last time we gave Fred a grant, he came and talked with both of us together.

I am so done with this shit. So, so done. Every time this happens, I have the illusion that another piece of me has been seared out of my being, and that illusion needs to stop. Now.

So I said, “Time to stand up for myself. No more second chances for anyone who pulls this shit. No more trying to explain it till I’m blue in the face. Time to tell it like it is. For me. Not for Fred, not for Bob, not for God, not for the Man in the Moon, but for me, so that I get to maintain some shred of self-respect.” So I sent Fred the following email:

“Dear Fred,

Bob forwarded your message to me regarding your project. We’ve discussed the matter in detail, and I’m afraid that the answer is no: our organization will not be able to financially support this project, nor any other project you might be planning in the future.

The reason has nothing to do with your project, and everything to do with the fact that you sent your email to Bob rather than addressing it to both of us and sending us each a copy. After everything that Bob and I have gone through–after all the disrespect that people have shown our partnership, after all the discussions that you, Bob, and I have had about it–it was very shocking to me that you would absent me from your initial request. I was especially dismayed by it, given that you had shown a desire to rekindle our friendship, and had expressed a hope that we could meet once a month. My last attempt to set up a meeting with you was in January, and I was giving you the space to be busy with your life, hoping that you would contact me again. I see now that you were not so busy that you could not contact Bob.

I have to say this, straight out: I am a human being. Disabilities or not, I am of equal worth to every other human being on the planet. I have an absolute right to have people respect me, to have people include me, to have people communicate with me in a way that works for me, and to have people take the time to meet me where I am. If people choose not to do so, I will no longer recede into the shadows and apologize for being sensitive, for being disabled, or for being upset. I get to be here, too. As I am.

I more than welcome your continued presence in Bob’s life. I know it means a lot to both of you, and I want it to continue. But if you are now inclined to make any further attempts in my direction–please don’t.

Rachel”

You’ll never guess what happened? Are you ready? I got an email from him. A half hour later. Right after I said, “[I]f you are now inclined to make any further attempts in my direction–please don’t.” What part of that sentence did he not understand? What do I have to do to get some respect from him? Apparently, I have no control over the matter, except to completely absent myself from the situation, which is what I did. I deleted the email unread.

I’m exhausted.

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg

In my never-ending quest to find a few safe places to hang out that don’t include my house, I decided to consider (duh!) the library. I used to volunteer there packaging books for inter-library loans, and I left mainly because I was only beginning to understand the impact of autism on my body and soul. When I left, I told the staff I was leaving to take care of my health, and they all signed a really beautiful card to wish me well. Sigh. These kinds of things mean a lot to me. So the people there are very nice and the place feels very safe.

However, I haven’t been back there since. My resistance stems mainly from the fact that they used to know me as this still somewhat passable NT-looking person, and now I’m not. I feel like I’d be walking into an old picture and getting confused about how to navigate.

So, last night, I finally realized (duh!) that I could send them an email and create a new picture. Here’s the note I sent them today via their website:

“Hi—

You might remember me. I used to volunteer at the library packaging ILLs. I’m writing to let you know how I am so that I can get the services that I need at the library.

In the past year and a half, I have been diagnosed with a number of disabilities. I am autistic with extreme auditory and other sensory sensitivities, so much so that I usually have to block sound when I am out in public. When I come into the library, I will probably be wearing a blue noise-blocking headset, a set of earplugs, or both.

Autism is a very inconsistent condition. Sometimes, I’m able to talk for a short time without a lot of effort. At other times, a short conversation is so difficult that it will leave me with severe body aches for days. There may be some days that all I can do is smile and wave, and a smile and wave in return is the perfect response. I would ask that, when I come to the library, you take my lead regarding how I communicate. When I go about my life in public and need something specific, I generally play it safe and communicate in writing. I am looking into assistive communication technology, so I may have an iPad or some other interesting device with me. It’s a work in progress.

Please remember that the changes you will see are superficial. I am still the same person I ever was. I just can’t navigate in typical ways anymore.

I would appreciate it if you would confirm receipt of this note, and especially if you would share it with the staff.

Many thanks, and all the best to everyone,
Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg”

Let’s see what happens, shall we?

© 2010 by Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg